Come and sit by me.

过来坐在我身旁。

by day / night

在白天/夜间

By this time tomorrow, I’ll be there.

明天这个时候，我会到那儿。

By the end of last year, my vocabulary had grown to 3,000 words.

到去年末，我的词汇量已达到了3000。

The play was written by Shakespeare.

此剧为莎士比亚所著。

Washing hands often is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by diseases.

勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。

by bus / boat / air

乘公共汽车/船/飞机

He saluted us by raising his hat.

他举帽向我们敬礼。

I caught him by the arm.

我抓住了他的胳膊。

We met by chance at the airport.

我们在机场不期而遇。

I’ve taken someone else’s bag by mistake.

我误拿了别人的包。

I’ll go to Japan by Canada.

我将经加拿大去日本。

He walked by me without noticing me.

他从我身旁走过，没注意到我。

increase by 30%

增长30%

miss the train by 10 minutes

差10分钟没赶上火车

We are paid by the hour.

我们按小时计酬。

The box is 40 cm by 60 cm.

这个盒子40厘米宽，60厘米长。

multiply 10 by 2

10乘以2

divide 20 by 5

20除以5

day by day / one by one / step by step

一天天/一个接一个/一步步

Don’t stand by.

不要袖手旁观。

A group of children passed by.

一群孩子从旁边过去。

The happy days went by.

那些快乐的日子过去了。